全文获取类型
收费全文 | 7050篇 |
免费 | 977篇 |
国内免费 | 982篇 |
专业分类
化学 | 3246篇 |
晶体学 | 39篇 |
力学 | 238篇 |
综合类 | 29篇 |
数学 | 2953篇 |
物理学 | 2504篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 4篇 |
2023年 | 228篇 |
2022年 | 180篇 |
2021年 | 227篇 |
2020年 | 326篇 |
2019年 | 213篇 |
2018年 | 245篇 |
2017年 | 245篇 |
2016年 | 289篇 |
2015年 | 288篇 |
2014年 | 468篇 |
2013年 | 551篇 |
2012年 | 623篇 |
2011年 | 625篇 |
2010年 | 583篇 |
2009年 | 577篇 |
2008年 | 553篇 |
2007年 | 552篇 |
2006年 | 455篇 |
2005年 | 299篇 |
2004年 | 201篇 |
2003年 | 181篇 |
2002年 | 154篇 |
2001年 | 186篇 |
2000年 | 115篇 |
1999年 | 125篇 |
1998年 | 99篇 |
1997年 | 30篇 |
1996年 | 39篇 |
1995年 | 31篇 |
1994年 | 33篇 |
1993年 | 28篇 |
1992年 | 41篇 |
1991年 | 38篇 |
1990年 | 36篇 |
1989年 | 26篇 |
1988年 | 27篇 |
1987年 | 27篇 |
1986年 | 14篇 |
1985年 | 20篇 |
1984年 | 9篇 |
1983年 | 3篇 |
1982年 | 4篇 |
1981年 | 3篇 |
1980年 | 4篇 |
1959年 | 2篇 |
1936年 | 2篇 |
排序方式: 共有9009条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
101.
102.
103.
This study was to investigate the optimal additions of the cellulose decomposition reaction to obtain the most yield of 5-HMF and other furan derivatives in various biphasic systems with FeCl_3-CuCl_2 mixed catalysts,and explore its depolymerization kinetics.A series of controllable reactions have been performed under mild environmentally friendly atmosphere.The experiment results showed that49.13 wt% of 5-HMF was the maximum production along with 2.98 wt% other furan derivatives catalyzed by mixed Lewis acid FeCl_3-CuCl_2 under the two phases which included high concentration NaCl aqueous phase and n-butanol organic phase at 190℃ for 45 min.The conclusion suggested that two-phase systems benefited the yield of 5-HMF,furan derivatives via extracting the target products from reaction phase to organic phase to avoid rehydration of 5-HMF.The kinetic calculation revealed the conversion with mixed catalysts had lower reaction apparent activation energy(21.65 kJ/mol,190-230℃) and the reaction rate was faster than that with acid-based catalysts.Based on experiment exploration,the probable mechanism of cellulose decomposition with FeCl_3-CuCl_2 was proposed. 相似文献
104.
Size-controlled flow synthesis of nanoporous particles are of considerable interest for future industrial applications,however,is facing challenges due to lack of in-situ method for size-characterization in fluidic environment.We present that ultraviolet-visible(UV-vis) absorption spectroscopy can be integrated into a flow-synthesis system which was produced by femtosecond laser micro machining.The shift of the absorption peak position of the ex-situ and in-situ UV-vis spectra correlates to variation of size of porous metal-organic frameworks crystals.ZIF-67 crystals with a size in the range from 200 nm to1025 nm are fabricated with the assistance of tri-ethylamine under monitoring of in-situ UV-vis spectra.The ZIF-67 crystals are converted into nanoporous carbons particles with controlled sizes.These materials show size-dependent performance in Na-ion battery and size-independent performance in metal/H_2 O seawater battery. 相似文献
105.
Multiple hydrogen bonds containing nucleophilic phosphines derived from dipeptide dual-reagents catalyzed asymmetric Michael addition reactions between indene esters and activated olefins in high yields and good to excellent enantioselectivities under mild reaction conditions. The success of current highly selective reactions should provide inspiration for expansion to other reactions and would open up new paradigms for the synthesis of indanone derivatives bearing chiral quaternary carbon centers. 相似文献
106.
对人教版2019年版与2007年版高中化学必修教材的插图数量、插图类型和插图功能进行了比较研究,发现新版教材的插图在总数、平均每章数量和平均每页数量上均有提升;不同类型插图的绝对数量均有增加,以科技前沿和知识归纳型的增加为首;在插图的功能方面减少了装饰型插图,增加了组织型与解释型插图。最后根据前文的统计数据对比和相关分析,对我国新教材的编制提出了注意插图类型、数量以及功能的适配,注意发挥其美育与德育价值的建议。 相似文献
107.
108.
Light-conversion phosphor nanoarchitectonics for improved light harvesting in sensitized solar cells
Photovoltaic technology provides a promising approach for solar energy conversion. One significant factor limiting the efficiency is the poor light harvesting of solar energy, which is related to the mismatch between the energy distribution of photons and the absorption of semiconductor materials or dye. Light-conversion phosphors have been explored as spectral converters to improve the light-harvesting ability in sensitized solar cells. Many progressive studies have been conducted to expand the family of light-conversion phosphors and exploit their application in sensitized solar cells, bringing emerging opportunities to develop commercial sensitized solar cells. In this review, we survey the development of light-conversion phosphors in sensitized solar cells. First, the application and conversion mechanism of light-conversion phosphors, including up-conversion phosphors, down-conversion phosphors, up/down conversion phosphors, and long-lasting phosphors, are summarized in detail. After that, the challenging problems and possible solutions of applying light-conversion phosphors to sensitized solar cells are discussed. The review also highlights some new ideas in the development of sensitized solar cells and the application of light-conversion phosphors in other solar technology. 相似文献
109.
Simin Cao Haoyang Li Zenan Zhao Sanjun Zhang Jinquan Chen Jianhua Xu Jay R. Knutson Ludwig Brand 《Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)》2021,26(1)
In this review, the experimental set-up and functional characteristics of single-wavelength and broad-band femtosecond upconversion spectrophotofluorometers developed in our laboratory are described. We discuss applications of this technique to biophysical problems, such as ultrafast fluorescence quenching and solvation dynamics of tryptophan, peptides, proteins, reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH), and nucleic acids. In the tryptophan dynamics field, especially for proteins, two types of solvation dynamics on different time scales have been well explored: ~1 ps for bulk water, and tens of picoseconds for “biological water”, a term that combines effects of water and macromolecule dynamics. In addition, some proteins also show quasi-static self-quenching (QSSQ) phenomena. Interestingly, in our more recent work, we also find that similar mixtures of quenching and solvation dynamics occur for the metabolic cofactor NADH. In this review, we add a brief overview of the emerging development of fluorescent RNA aptamers and their potential application to live cell imaging, while noting how ultrafast measurement may speed their optimization. 相似文献
110.
控制金属@MOF核壳纳米结构中金属纳米粒子的分布不容易实现。我们应用了合成MOF胶体粒子所用到的配位调制方法来合成Au@ZIF-8核壳纳米结构。通过使用过量的2-甲基咪唑和不同用量的1-甲基咪唑可获得不同的Au@ZIF-8。该合成方法可在ZIF-8纳米晶体中灵活调整Au纳米粒子(Au NPs)的分布。此外,我们分别研究了2种不同尺寸的荧光分子与Au@ZIF-8结合后的光致发光光谱和寿命。ZIF-8的孔径可以决定这2种分子是否可通过多孔壳结构接近Au NPs。分子光学特性对Au NPs近场的发光增强和荧光猝灭的竞争非常敏感。 相似文献